Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial potential of selected herbs Piper betle and Persicaria odorata leaf extracts
Muhammad Abdul Basit1,2, Arifah Abdul Kadir1*, Loh Teck Chwen3, Annas Salleh4, Ubedullah Kaka5, Sherifat Banke Idris1,6, Abdul Asim Farooq7, Muhammad Arshad Javid2, Saeed Murtaza7
1Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Punjab, Pakistan
3Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
4Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
5Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
6Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo
University, 2346 Skoto, Nigeria
7Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Punjab, Pakistan
Abstract
Plants, their extracts, and plant essential oils are considered prominent sources of new therapeutic substances. Nowadays, medicinal plants like herbs attain the keen interest of consumers and researchers. The present study evaluated Piper betle (P. betle) and Persicaria odorata (P. odorata) leaf extracts for qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening. The phytochemical analysis of P. betle and P. odorata leaf extracts presented the occurrence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, glycosides, and volatile oils. The higher total phenolic content and total tannins were quantified from P. betle methanolic leaf extract. Additionally, it showed increased antioxidant activity compared to P. odorata leaf extracts. The in vitro antibacterial potential of both herbs was estimated against Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus brasiliensis. The methanolic leaf extract of Piper betle showed antibacterial and antifungal activity against these selected strains.
