2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
3Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
4Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Thailand
Abstract
The various properties of Garcinia atroviridis (Ga), G. schomburgkiana (Gs), Camellia sinensis (Cs) and Morus alba (Ma) were investigated, aimed at finding cholesterol lowering and lipase inhibiting effects. Their phytochemical components of the species were determined by GC-MS and HPLC. The total flavonoids, phenolics and polysaccharides were measured. The inhibition percentage of CEase and PPL were determined. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity tests in the samples were examined. The results are as followed: The various key phytochemicals distributed in all the studied species were revealed such as stigmasterol, catechol, γ-sitosterol, β-amyrin, caffeine, and squalene. An HPLC chromatogram revealed the amount and concentration of HCA in Ga and Gs, and catechin and catechol in Ga, Gs, Cs, and Ma. The highest and second highest inhibition percentages of CEase in Ga and Formula I were at 77.02±0.27 and 67.61±0.26, and PPL and Formula I in Gs at 77.92±0.59 and 78.31±0.07 compared to orlistat inhibition percentage of 84.72±0.17 and 80.83±0.38, but in different concentrations of orlistat at 10 mg/ml and Formula 1 at 3 mg/ml. Toxicity assays exhibited no IC50 values in all samples, but ethanol Gs and Cs extracts and methanol Ma extract induced DNA damages significantly (p<0.01). However, from the LD50 values calculated at the concentrations used, there are no effects on humans. Therefore, the studied plants and Formulas at identical concentration, 10 mg/ml would definitely show a higher inhibition effect than orlistat in reducing cholesterol and inhibiting lipase activity leading to an innovation for weight loss and high cholesterol treatments without any side effects.
