Muhammad Imran^1&, Ramna Zia^2&, Muhammad Aqib Fareed^3&, Benish Javed^1&, Ali Ahsan^4&, Kiran Jalil⁴, Muhammad Umer Khan⁵, Hassan Shabbir Chaudhry⁶, Muhammad Subaan Fareed⁷, Muhammad Muddassir⁸, Chaudhry Ahmed Shabbir⁹*, Zahra Kalim¹⁰*

¹University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

²Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

³Allama Iqbal Medical Collage, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan

⁴Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi Ward Osaka-558- 0022, Japan

⁵Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

⁶Department of Medicine and Surgery, Hijaz hospital Gulberg, Lahore, Pakistan

⁷School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China

⁸Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan

⁹School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide, Australia

¹⁰Institute of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

^&These authors contributed equally to this work

Abstract

The ABO grouping of blood, comprising the four main types A, B, AB, and O, has been widely recognized for its significance in establishing the suitability of organ transplants and blood transfusions. Recent research has revealed the potential influence of ABO blood types on susceptibility to certain diseases. The current study uses an extensive review of the body of literature and epidemiological investigations to explore the relationships between ABO blood types and disorders that impact various organ systems. The focus lies on chronic ailments, encompassing certain types of cancer as well as cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and infectious disorders. For example, those with A blood group may exhibit a higher susceptibility to developing peptic carcinoma, whereas individuals with blood type O may demonstrate a lower propensity for cardiovascular issues. The fundamental mechanisms of these interactions remain incompletely understood. The potential causes for the impact of ABO antigens on immunological responses, coagulation factors, inflammation, and interactions with pathogens are still under investigation. The presence of genetic and molecular variations within ABO blood types may contribute to differing susceptibilities to illnesses. This review examines the correlation between ABO blood types and susceptibility to diseases.

Keywords: ABO blood groups, Cardiovascular disease, Cancer, Hypertension, Infectious disease, Malaria